Approaches and Challenges of S/W Automation

Approaches to Automation

There are three broad options in Test Automation:

Full Manual
Reliance on manual testing
Responsive and flexible
Inconsistent
Low implementation cost
High repetitive cost
Required for automation
High skill requirements

Partial Automation
Redundancy possible but requires duplication of effort
Flexible
Consistent
Automates repetitive tasks and high return tasks

Full Automation
Reliance on automated testing
Relatively inflexible
Very consistent
High implementation cost
Economies of scale in repetition, regression etc
Low skill requirements

Fully manual testing has the benefit of being relatively cheap and effective. But as quality of the product improves the additional cost for finding further bugs becomes more expensive. Large scale manual testing also implies large scale testing teams with the related costs of space, overhead and infrastructure. Manual testing is also far more responsive and flexible than automated testing but is prone to tester error through fatigue.

Fully automated testing is very consistent and allows the repetitions of similar tests at very little marginal cost. The setup and purchase costs of such automation are very high however and maintenance can be equally expensive. Automation is also relatively inflexible and requires rework in order to adapt to changing requirements.

Partial Automation incorporates automation only where the most benefits can be achieved. The advantage is that it targets specifically the tasks for automation and thus achieves the most benefit from them. It also retains a large component of manual testing which maintains the test teams flexibility and offers redundancy by backing up automation with manual testing. The disadvantage is that it obviously does not provide as extensive benefits as either extreme solution.

Choosing the right tool

· Take time to define the tool requirements in terms of technology, process, applications, people skills, and organization.

· During tool evaluation, prioritize which test types are the most critical to your success and judge the candidate tools on those criteria.

· Understand the tools and their trade-offs. You may need to use a multi-tool solution to get higher levels of test-type coverage. For example, you will need to combine the capture/play-back tool with a load-test tool to cover your performance test cases.


· Involve potential users in the definition of tool requirements and evaluation criteria.

· Build an evaluation scorecard to compare each tool's performance against a common set of criteria. Rank the criteria in terms of relative importance to the organization.

Top Ten Challenges of Software Test Automation

1. Buying the Wrong Tool
2. Inadequate Test Team Organization
3. Lack of Management Support
4. Incomplete Coverage of Test Types by the selected tool
5. Inadequate Tool Training
6. Difficulty using the tool
7. Lack of a Basic Test Process or Understanding of What to Test
8. Lack of Configuration Management Processes
9. Lack of Tool Compatibility and Interoperability
10. Lack of Tool Availability